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*REPORT ALERT* This paper investigates the groups & economic sectors in Wales most significantly affected by the current pandemic. Workers in shutdown sectors account for ๐๐.๐% ๐จ๐ ๐ฐ๐จ๐ซ๐ค๐ข๐ง๐ -๐๐ ๐ ๐ฉ๐จ๐ฉ๐ฎ๐ฅ๐๐ญ๐ข๐จ๐ง, equating to around ๐ฎ๐ฎ๐ด,๐ฌ๐ฌ๐ฌ ๐ฝ๐ฒ๐ผ๐ฝ๐น๐ฒ 1/n
Social distancing & lock-down measures will negatively impact young employees the hardest, 36% of all employees under the age of 25 worked in shutdown sectors. Employees aged under 25 were ๐ฎ.๐ณ ๐๐ถ๐บ๐ฒ๐ as likely to work in a sector that is now shut down as other employees 2/n
The impact also varied by gender, with ๐ญ๐ด% ๐ผ๐ณ ๐ณ๐ฒ๐บ๐ฎ๐น๐ฒ employees working in shutdown sectors compared to ๐ญ๐ฐ% ๐ผ๐ณ ๐บ๐ฎ๐น๐ฒ employees. In general, females are more likely to work in a sector that is currently shut down than men 3/n
Half of the lowest-earning decile of Welsh workers worked in shut down sectors of the economy. This made them ๐๐ฒ๐ป ๐๐ถ๐บ๐ฒ๐ more likely to have been affected by the crisis compared with the highest-earning decile 4/n
Our results also show that workers of ๐๐๐ ๐ groups were significantly more likely to be working in shutdown sectors, have significantly lower average weekly pay relative to workers of white British ethnicity & exhibit substantial salary gaps by gender within ethnic groups 5/n
This negative shock caused by freezing the economy will increase ๐ฒ๐
๐ถ๐๐๐ถ๐ป๐ด ๐ถ๐ป๐ฒ๐พ๐๐ฎ๐น๐ถ๐๐ถ๐ฒ๐ across the income distribution, between men & women, between old & young, and among BAME groups. Policies that aim to mitigate the crisis should consider these impacts 6/n
We estimate that around ๐ฐ๐ฐ๐ฒ,๐ฌ๐ฌ๐ฌ of employees in Wales were designated as ๐ธ๐ฒ๐ ๐๐ผ๐ฟ๐ธ๐ฒ๐ฟ๐ by the UK government at the onset of the crisis. Wales has a higher share of key workers (๐ฏ๐ญ%) compared to the other nations and regions of the UK 7/n
๐๐ฒ๐ ๐๐ผ๐ฟ๐ธ๐ฒ๐ฟ๐ are disproportionately likely to be female, with employed ๐๐ผ๐บ๐ฒ๐ป ๐บ๐ผ๐ฟ๐ฒ ๐๐ต๐ฎ๐ป ๐๐๐ถ๐ฐ๐ฒ as likely to be in this group as employed men. In Wales, ๐ฒ๐ณ.๐ต% of key workers are women, while 45.5% of workers outside this key sector are females 8/n
๐๐๐ ๐ groups are significantly more likely to be key workers, with a much higher share employed in the health & social care sectors. This greater exposure to the virus is particularly concerning as new evidence suggests BAME are facing greater health harms from covid-19 9/n
Data also indicates ๐ธ๐ฒ๐ ๐๐ผ๐ฟ๐ธ๐ฒ๐ฟ๐ face significant ๐ฐ๐ต๐ถ๐น๐ฑ๐ฐ๐ฎ๐ฟ๐ฒ ๐ฐ๐ต๐ฎ๐น๐น๐ฒ๐ป๐ด๐ฒ๐ โ half have school-aged children, while they were also more likely to have younger children below the age of 4 than non-key workers 10/n
Moreover, ๐บ๐ฒ๐ป were ๐บ๐ผ๐ฟ๐ฒ ๐น๐ถ๐ธ๐ฒ๐น๐ to suffer ๐ณ๐ฟ๐ผ๐บ ๐ต๐ฒ๐ฎ๐น๐๐ต ๐ฝ๐ฟ๐ผ๐ฏ๐น๐ฒ๐บ๐ associated with a higher risk of severe illness if infected by Covid-19. These workers at higher risk were also more likely to work in shutdown sectors 11/n
Although key workers were less likely to suffer from such illnesses than non-key workers, ๐ญ๐ฌ% of ๐ธ๐ฒ๐ ๐๐ผ๐ฟ๐ธ๐ฒ๐ฟ๐ had pre-existing medical conditions. These workers may also have been at greater risk of exposure to the virus at their place of work during the pandemic 12/n
Data also suggests that individuals of Black Caribbean & Bangladeshi ethnicity are more likely to report health conditions which put them at greater health risk from the virus. Such conditions are likely to be correlated with socio-economic characteristics of these groups 13/n
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