"My battle,” Newman wrote in his Apologia, “was with liberalism; by liberalism, I mean the anti-dogmatic principle.” He saw that principle enshrined in the tricolor, and he said it sickened him to catch sight of the flag while traveling abroad.

The two are linked. https://twitter.com/RyanTAnd/status/1250039262298472454">https://twitter.com/RyanTAnd/...

It is impossible to neatly separate religious from political liberalism. They spring from the same root. In his "Letter to the Duke of Norfolk," writing to defend the pope& #39;s coercive authority to form consciences, Newman fondly recalled a time when. . . .

. . . "the state had a conscience, and the chief justice of the day pronounced not as a point of obsolete law, but as an energetic, living truth, that Christianity was the law of the land." He approvingly quoted Blackstone& #39;s commentary that insults to Christianity be proscribed.

Elsewhere: "When men advocate the right of conscience, they in no sense mean the rights of the creator. . . . but the right of thinking, speaking, writing and acting according to their judgment or their humor."

Now, is that a condemnation of religious or political liberalism?