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Evolution of sports injury models 
Causality is multifactorial.
Intrinsic risk factors specific to the individual predispose to injury.
Interaction with extrinsic or external factors that the athlete is exposed to renders them susceptible.
Inciting event may
injury
Causality is multifactorial.Intrinsic risk factors specific to the individual predispose to injury.
Interaction with extrinsic or external factors that the athlete is exposed to renders them susceptible.
Inciting event may
injury
The situation is dynamic and changeable.With exposure to the sport and other stimuli the athlete adapts.
This creates a 'recursive loop', such that risk predisposition/susceptibility alters with time and exposure...
Need to consider structure-specific load......in reference to structure-specific properties and capacitiesStructure-specific loading, properties and capacities vary over time and adapt with exposureAdaptation may be positive (protective) or negative (maladaptation)
Athlete = complex, adaptive system with a mind attachedTaking a complex systems approach accounts for feedback loops, non-linearity, uncertainty, etc.Risk, protective factors, injury events = 'emergent phenomena''Web of determinants' include psych factors and sport
Source material:
Meeuwisse, 1994 https://journals.lww.com/cjsportsmed/Abstract/1994/07000/Assessing_Causation_in_Sport_Injury__A.4.aspx
Meeuwisse et al, 2007 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17513916/
Kalkoven et al, 2020 https://www.jsams.org/article/S1440-2440(19)31545-2/fulltext
Bittencourt et al, 2016 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27445362/
Meeuwisse, 1994 https://journals.lww.com/cjsportsmed/Abstract/1994/07000/Assessing_Causation_in_Sport_Injury__A.4.aspx
Meeuwisse et al, 2007 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17513916/
Kalkoven et al, 2020 https://www.jsams.org/article/S1440-2440(19)31545-2/fulltext
Bittencourt et al, 2016 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27445362/
